The Do This, Get That Guide On Mla Essay

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Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Womens Roles in...

Literature and Liberation- Prof. Sicari December 3rd, 2012 Women’s Role in Umuofian Society Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† depicts the downfall of the once great tribe of Umuofia at the hands of imperialistic European white men. However the downfall of this advanced tribe would come to be inevitable due to its numerous flaws, in terms of their â€Å"justice† system, extreme religious interpretations of the Oracle and perhaps most heavily because of their intensely misogynistic views. Umuofia’s harsh and brutal treatment of women in their society reveal the fact that women are not acknowledged to even be human, much rather they are treated as possessions – as property. Men believe women to be powerless, defenseless and†¦show more content†¦The woman’s brothers justify their actions in stating that Uzowulu beat their sister mercilessly. They state that Uzowulu’s punishment if Mgbafo returns with him will be that his genitals be cut off if he ever beats her again. Uzowulu claims that he sees no wrong in his w ays, â€Å"I married her with my money and my yams, I owe them no cocoyams† (p.90) is his defense. He feels as though he owes his in laws no explanation and how he treats his wife is no ones concern. This statement proves that he views his wife as just another possession of his, he paid the price and he can do as he pleases with her from that point forward. The egwugwu decide in favor of Mgbafo, telling Uzowulu to take a pot of wine to his in-laws. One village elder complains that such a minimal matter should not be brought before them, again exposing the fact that domestic abuse is not seen as an issue in this society. In Umuofia, there are two types of crimes that can be committed, feminine crimes and masculine crimes. Okonkwo accidentally kills a clansman during a funeral, this crime falls under the category of feminine because it wasn’t a killing on purpose – â€Å"Okonkwo had committed the female, because it had been inadvertent.† (p. 124). In catego rizing crimes under these two types the reader receives insight as to what characteristics pertain to each gender in the eyes of this society. Feminine crimes are accidental, without intent,Show MoreRelatedChanging the Tradition: The Influence of Colonization on Umuofia885 Words   |  4 Pages Changing the Tradition: The Influence of Colonization on Umuofia In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe exercises the importance of traditions in an Ibo village of Nigeria. Africa is very well known for their long history, dating back to two million years ago, and their ancient ethnic customs have lived on since (â€Å"African History†). Unlike families from a rich white society, African families are usually required to live the traditions that have been survived through many generations, even if theyRead MoreThings Fall Apart2539 Words   |  11 PagesIgbo Society (Things Fall Apart) Women are often thought of as the weaker, more vulnerable of the two sexes. Thus, women’s roles in literature are often subdued and subordinate. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, women are repressed by an entrenched structure of the social repression. Women suffer great losses in this novel but, also in certain circumstances, hold tremendous power. Achebe provides progressively changing attitudes towards women’s role. At first glance, the women in Things Fall

The Scarlet Letter 2 Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter 2 Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; The Scarlet Letter # 8221 ; Roger Chillinworth was one time a good Puritan who lived a good Puritan life and he was married to Hester Prynne. Then he went to go. When he came, alternatively of acquiring a good and warm welcome from his darling married woman he saw her standing on the town scaffold with a missive of shame on her thorax. He stood at that place, wholly wrecked and knew that his life as he knew it so far was all lost. Ever since Roger Chillingworth s bosom was broken and his life destroyed by Hester, he has deticated his life to avenge her and her fornicator, Dimmesdale. Bing unable to return to his normal and good life practically destroyed and as he revenged them he becomes a Satan ( Chillingworth: I have already told thee what I am! A monster! Who made me so? It was myself cried Hester, shuddering. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter 2 Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) . That retaliation is what made him seek to forestall Dimmesdale from squealing in the last scaffold scene. The vermilion missive had hurt Hester every twenty-four hours and every minute a batch, so Chillingworth allow it make the avenge work entirely without interfering ( Hester: Why hast 1000 non avenged thyself on me? I have left thee to the vermilion missive replied Roger Chillingworth. ) . But for Dimmesdale he had a tungsten hole different program. He came back to town as a different individual with a different name. Now he was Roger Chillingworth ( We don t cognize his name before the first scaffold incident ) , a well-appreciated and educated doctor. He came to assist Dimmesdale, who was really ill. He became his close doctor and they became really close friends. But the truth was that Chillingworth was invariably look intoing Dimmesdale and making to the deepness of his bosom and prising his secrets and by that invariably aching him. Dimmesdale was hurt because he lived a life of prevarications. To the universe he was clergyman Dimmesdale # 8211 ; a wise adult male who was considered a saint, but in his bosom he knew a different image of himself, as a evildoer who is afraid to squeal. Throughout the narrative it is hinted that if he had confessed he would hold been relieved a long clip ago and would non hold been so ill. Chillingworth knew that, and he knew that if Dimmesdale confessed, all of his retaliation programs would non be affectional Dimmesdale would hold a clean scruples, or at least a better wellness. That is why in the last scaffold scene he tried to halt Dimmesdale from squealing his wickedness. Until the last minute in the narrative Chillingworth who became the Satan, tried to revenge his lost life.

Ventilation Essays - Intensive Care Medicine, Respiratory Therapy

Ventilation Ventilation is the mechanical process whereby air is taken into and out of the lungs. Situations in which a patient might require venitlatory support range from apnea to patients experiencing depressed respiratory function. If the patient's rate of breathing decreases significantly it can lead to hypercarbia, hypoxia, a lowered pH level and a decrease in respiratory minute volume. This can result in cardiac or respiratory arrest if it isn't corrected. Expired air ventilation has been accepted as the technique of choice since the late 1950s. It has been shown to be an effective practice for both professionals and lay persons including young children over 5 years of age. Ventilation using the expired air of the rescuer can be applied to the mouth or nose of the adult victim and to the mouth and nose of the infant. Mouth-to-Mouth ventilation and Mouth-to-Nose ventilation can provide effective ventilatory support to a patient. A major advantage of these methods of ventilation is that no equipment is required to effectively offer ventilatory support to the patient. However, the disadvantage of these methods of ventilatory support are that both methods only offer a limited oxygen supply due to the fact that oxygen expired from the rescuer will only contain 17 percent oxygen. Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation or Pocket Mask Ventilation A clear, plastic, molded facemask similar to that used in anesthesia may be used to provide mouth to mask ventilation. A unidirectional valve diverts the patient's expired air away from the rescuer and traps any macroscopic particles emerging from the patient. This valve improves the aesthetics and reduces risk of cross infection. The mouth to mask method is a two handed technique which produces a better seal than that obtained during single-person bag-valve-mask ventilation. As with mouth-to-mouth ventilation it is possible to generate high tidal volumes, high airway pressures and increase the risk of gastric inflation. The addition of a port for the administration of supplemental oxygen increases the inspired oxygen concentration. A variety of pocket masks are available. Some of these masks are disposed of after the first use while others may be used many times. Most are small and compact enough to fit in a pocket and may be carried with the paramedic. The pocket mask allows an oxy gen flow rate of 10 liters per minute. This rate combined with mouth-to-mouth breathing of the rescuer yields an inspired oxygen rate of about 50 percent. This is a significantly higher oxygen concentration level than delivered through the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method. Inexpensive protection devices made from a piece of plastic film with a valvular orifice to cover the mouth and nose will provide protection and reduce aesthetic worries of direct contact with patient's vomitus, saliva, sputum or blood. The main disadvantage is that the film device requires repositioning for each sequence of breaths. In the community the bystander is likely to be a relative, friend or colleague of the victim and resuscitative efforts should not be deterred by the unavailability of a protective device, as the risk is very small. Bag-Valve Ventilation The self-inflating bag can be connected to either a facemask, a tracheal tube, a laryngeal mask, or a Combitube. The bag consists of an oblong, self-inflating silicone or rubber bag; two one-way valves, and a transparent facemask. They are available in sizes for babies, children and adults. The bag-valve device allows room air or oxygen to be delivered to the patient. When used on its own the bag-valve-mask will allow ventilation of the patient with ambient air (21% oxygen). This can be increased to around 50% by attaching an oxygen supply at 5-6 Lmin-1 directly to the bag next to the air inlet valve. Normally, however, a reservoir bag should be attached, which with oxygen flows of 8-10 Lmin-1, will provide inspired oxygen concentrations of 90%. Certain ideal criteria have been laid down for bag-valve-mask devices used in resuscitation The requirements recommended include: The bag material should be transparent and convey a satisfactory feel. It should not absorb anesthetic or noxious gases and should possess sufficient recoil to draw in gases from a reservoir or a draw over anesthesia circuit. Both inlet and outlet valves should be of robust construction, competent to prevent rebreathing or leaks, incapable of malfunction or

Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude

Introduction to Free Will and Determinism Should I Change My Attitude When I examine if I should change my attitude I feel that it is important to investigate the different influences that have formed my attitude. I have been influenced by the different values and morals that my parents, family, and teachers have taught me. My attitude has also been formed through experiences that I have had. There are also many factors that have cause changes in my attitude. Should I change my attitude? I guess when you really think about it, everyone can bear to change something about their attitude. People have different views on situations, and some are right and some are wrong. I consider myself to have a fairly open attitude to new ideas, and the ideas of others. I do not feel that I need to change my attitude overall, but I feel that there are certain aspects of my attitude that could be adjusted. "Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), and the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts). Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge." (Immanuel Kant) This quote is discussing how knowledge is formed, and this can be referred to attitude as well. Our attitude is developed from our mind, the impressions we receive, and through representation, the concepts we learn. Growing up in a small community of Northern Maine I have not been exposed to as much as someone from the city, because of this I feel it is important that I keep an open attitude when I see things that are different, or things that are new for me. In the community that I grew up in there was only one African American family, I do not consider myself to be racist, but I feel that there are a lot of people in my town who are prejudice. I feel th... Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude Introduction to Free Will and Determinism Should I Change My Attitude When I examine if I should change my attitude I feel that it is important to investigate the different influences that have formed my attitude. I have been influenced by the different values and morals that my parents, family, and teachers have taught me. My attitude has also been formed through experiences that I have had. There are also many factors that have cause changes in my attitude. Should I change my attitude? I guess when you really think about it, everyone can bear to change something about their attitude. People have different views on situations, and some are right and some are wrong. I consider myself to have a fairly open attitude to new ideas, and the ideas of others. I do not feel that I need to change my attitude overall, but I feel that there are certain aspects of my attitude that could be adjusted. "Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), and the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts). Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge." (Immanuel Kant) This quote is discussing how knowledge is formed, and this can be referred to attitude as well. Our attitude is developed from our mind, the impressions we receive, and through representation, the concepts we learn. Growing up in a small community of Northern Maine I have not been exposed to as much as someone from the city, because of this I feel it is important that I keep an open attitude when I see things that are different, or things that are new for me. In the community that I grew up in there was only one African American family, I do not consider myself to be racist, but I feel that there are a lot of people in my town who are prejudice. I feel th...

Biography of Nobel Prize Winner Chief Albert Luthuli

Biography of Nobel Prize Winner Chief Albert Luthuli Date of birth:  c.1898, near Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)Date of death:  21 July 1967, railway track near home at Stanger, Natal, South Africa. Early Life Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli was born sometime around 1898 near Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, the son of a Seventh Day Adventist missionary. In 1908 he was sent to his ancestral home at Groutville, Natal where he went to the mission school. Having first trained as a teacher at Edendale, near Pietermaritzburg, Luthuli attended additional courses at Adams College (in 1920), and went on to become part of the college staff. He remained at the college until 1935. Life as a Preacher Albert Luthuli was deeply religious, and during his time at Adams College, he became a lay preacher. His Christian beliefs acted as a foundation for his approach to political life in South Africa at a time when many of his contemporaries were calling for a more militant response to Apartheid. Chieftancy In 1935 Luthuli accepted the chieftaincy of the Groutville reserve (this was not a hereditary position, but awarded as the result of an election) and was suddenly immersed in the realities of South Africas racial politics. The following year JBM Hertzogs United Party government introduced the Representation of Natives Act (Act No 16 of 1936) which removed Black Africans from the common voters role in the Cape (the only part of the Union to allow Black people the franchise). That year also saw the introduction of the Development Trust and Land Act (Act No 18 of 1936) which limited Black African land holding to an area of native reserves - increased under the act to 13.6%, although this percentage was not in fact achieved in practice. Chief Albert Luthuli joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1945 and was elected Natal provincial president in 1951. In 1946 he joined the Natives Representative Council. (This had been set up in 1936 to act in an advisory basis to four white senators who provided parliamentary representation for the entire Black African population.) However, as a result of a mine workers strike on the Witwatersrand gold field and the police response to protesters, relations between the Natives Representative Council and the government became strained. The Council met for the last time in 1946 and was later abolished by the government. In 1952, Chief Luthuli was one of the leading lights behind the Defiance Campaign - a non-violent protest against the pass laws. The Apartheid government was, unsurprisingly, annoyed and he was summoned to Pretoria to answer for his actions. Luthuli was given the choice of renouncing his membership of the ANC or being removed from his position as tribal chief (the post was supported and paid for by the government). Albert Luthuli refused to resign from the ANC, issued a statement to the press (The Road to Freedom is via the Cross) which reaffirmed his support for passive resistance to Apartheid  and was subsequently dismissed from his chieftaincy in November. I have joined my people in the new spirit that moves them today, the spirit that revolts openly and broadly against injustice. At the end of 1952, Albert Luthuli was elected president-general of the ANC. The previous president, Dr. James Moroka, lost support when he pleaded not-guilty to criminal charges laid as a result of his involvement in the Defiance Campaign, rather than accepting the campaigns aim of imprisonment and the tying up of government resources. (Nelson Mandela, provincial president for the ANC in Transvaal, automatically became deputy-president of the ANC.) The government responded by  banning  Luthuli, Mandela, and nearly 100 others. Luthulis Ban Luthulis ban was renewed in 1954, and in 1956 he was arrested - one of 156 people accused of high treason. Luthuli was released shortly after for lack of evidence. Repeated banning caused difficulties for the leadership of the ANC, but Luthuli was re-elected as president-general in 1955 and again 1958. In 1960, following the  Sharpeville Massacre, Luthuli led the call for protest. Once again summoned to a governmental hearing (this time in Johannesburg) Luthuli was horrified when a supporting demonstration turned violent and 72 Black Africans were shot (and another 200 injured). Luthuli responded by publicly burning his pass book. He was detained on 30 March under the State of Emergency declared by the South African government - one of 18,000 arrested in a series of police raids. On release he was confined to his home in Stanger, Natal. Later Years In 1961 Chief Albert Luthuli was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Peace (it had been held over that year) for his part in the anti-Apartheid struggle. In 1962, he was elected Rector of Glasgow University (an honorary position), and the following year published his autobiography, Let My People Go. Although suffering from ill health and failing eyesight, and still restricted to his home in Stanger, Albert Luthuli remained president-general of the ANC. On 21 July 1967, whilst out walking near his home, Luthuli was hit by a train and died. He was supposedly crossing the line at the time -   an explanation dismissed by many of his followers who believed more sinister forces were at work.

Corporate Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Corporate Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example 2000). According to the definition, companies should commit themselves to behave in an ethical way and should also ensure that they contribute towards economic development and also ensure that its workers, the local community and the society at large. Even though no direct reference to profitability is made, it can be understood from the words 'contribute to economic development' is indicative of the fact. This definition is nearly a decade old and the scope of CSR has taken a much bigger dimension with the passage of time. According to the publication, CSR, from peoples perceptions across the globe should have, to name a few, a concern for future generation, concern for the environment, transparency, a global outlook and partnerships with other organizations in furthering its obligations. For more clarity a more contemporary view is also given here. "CSR covers all aspects of corporate governance. It is about how companies conduct their business in an ethical way, taking account of their impact economically, socially, environmentally and in terms of human rights. This moves beyond traditional business stakeholders such as shareholders or local suppliers." (Corporate Social Responsibility: What is CSR 2006). What all this ultimately suggest is that CSR is gaining in scope and importance and will continue to do so in the future with newer and additional responsibilities being added. Stakeholders: For any organization to grow it has to see that its stakeholders are well looked after. It is easy to say, but a difficult thing to achieve. Stakeholders include everyone who is having a direct or indirect interest in the affairs of the organisation. It means that a diverse range of people with... The researcher also gives some concluding remarks on the topic. It is stated that global capitalism has no impact on the education sector in the UK. Corporate social responsibility will remain the same because a privatized sector will tend to behave in the same way across different sectors. It is profitability and free market enterprise that ultimately determines CSR. Primary and secondary education is necessary and compulsory to every citizen and hence it is better that it remain in the public sector. The researcher presents the view given by Friedman that education, especially primary education is compulsory. A privatized sector will not be able to give quality education at low prices or for free. The university level education can be privatized but under the following conditions. All universities have to be given autonomy as far as syllabus and teaching methodology are concerned. The UK has a long history of distinguished institutions and there would be no lack of experience in cr eating quality syllabus and methodology. State funding can remain, but there is no harm in allowing privately owned universities in the country. Such institutions should be registered as not-for profit societies. Initiatives can be taken up by philanthropic and visionary businessmen. Such organizations will have a greater sense of responsibility than organizations formed for profit. To conclude, the researcher states that whatever the outcome be, education should have quality and should be affordable to everyone at least in the early periods.

Describe the relationship between media and reality Essay

Describe the relationship between media and reality - Essay Example The media can be considered a very influential representation to reality through the essential elements of selection, construction and representation. Each media form, whether electronic or print, process social constructs of an image of event, story, and this may differ to what the society experience in reality (dl.nfsa.gov, Representation). With the two competing theories on media, manipulation theory is more accurate. According to Noam Chamsky, there are 10 strategies of manipulation by the media, taking note on reality TV. The first is the strategy of distraction. According to Chomsky, â€Å"the key element of social control is the strategy of distraction that is to divert public attention from important issues and changes decided by political and economic elites, through the technique of flood or flooding continuous distractions and insignificant information. The strategy of distraction is also essential to keep the public interested in the essential knowledge in science, econo mics, psychology, neurobiology, and cybernetics.† The second strategy is to create problems after offering solution. Chomsky referred to this strategy as "problem-reaction-solution" which creates a problem, a "situation" due to cause some reaction in public, so that it is the principal measures that want to accept. Third strategy is gradation aims to make it accept an unacceptable extent, simply apply it gradually, a dropper, for consecutive years (Chomsky, n.d.). Fourth strategy is defer which Chomsky believes that another way to create an unpopular decision to accept is to present it as "painful and necessary" in obtaining public acceptance for the moment for a future application. It is easier to accept that a future sacrifice of an immediate sacrifice. Fifth strategy according to Chomsky is addressing public as children. This refers to the public as a younger child where characters, arguments and any discourse are performed in children’s intonation. The next strategy is to use the emotional aspect much more than a reflection. Chomsky put it in a way that â€Å"making use of emotional aspect is a classic technique to cause a short circuit on rational analysis, and finally to the critical sense of individuals.† Seventh strategy is to keep the public in ignorance and mediocrity. Next strategy is to stimulate the public to be complacent mediocrity (Chomsky, n.d.). Ninth strategy of manipulation of media is strengthening the revolt and lastly is the strategy of the best guys knows what they know if the same. This last strategy portrays that the system has more control and great power over individuals than the individuals themselves (Chomsky, n.d.). I love Lucy and Rosie movies were sit-coms which movies were made after the success of the shows. I love Lucy was able to portray a happy couple who lived in a modest apartment in New York. In this movie, the couple were in pursuit of success and wealth. This sitcom and movie was ranked very high i n the country. Thus through the theory of manipulation, the audience can be manipulated to believe in the lifestyle portrayed by the couple in the sitcom and the movie. The husband Ricky, is a Cuban born bandleader in Tropicana, loves his wife very much. Despite the shortcomings of Lucy in her career in showbiz and different get-rich-quick schemes, Ricky was forgiving and stayed beside her all throughout. Rosie on the other hand,

Checkpoint †Business Organization Essay Example for Free

Checkpoint – Business Organization Essay July 22, 1975, Bill Gates writes a letter to Paul Allen using the name, â€Å"Micro-soft† referring the their 60/40 partnership. Their main product is BASIC. Gates and Allen worked day and night to create the first version of Microsoft Basic, a simple computer software. They realize that the future of personal computers is in the software. The Computer Mart opens on Madison Avenue in New York. Zilog Z-80 chip is introduced. They have 3 employees including themselves and the revenue is $16,000. July 1, 1976, Microsoft refines and enhances BASIC to sell to other customers including DTC, General Electric, NCR, and Citibank. Microsoft develops its first ad campaign called, â€Å"The legend of Micro-Kid.† The partnership is moving right along and gates announces that he would like nothing more than to hire 10 programmers and fill the hobby market with good software. February 3, 1977,A partnership agreement between Paul Allen and Bill Gates is officially executed. Their main product is still BASIC. In November of 1977 the company is free to market BASIC to others. Within months, Microsoft licenses BASIC for the Commodore PET and TRS-80 computers, and begins negotiating with other companies. BASIC product. Bill Gates and Paul Allen shared the title of general partner until 1977, when Bill Gates became president and Paul Allen vice president of Microsoft Corp. January 1, Microsoft moves its offices to Bellevue, Washington from Albuquerque, New Mexico. After moving to Bellevue, Microsoft continues to grow in employees, sales, and vision. Microsoft has a BASIC compiler for virtually every microcomputer on the market. However, the company recognizes that languages are only a part of the picture, which is why Microsoft makes its first foray into the mass-market possibilities of personal computers by forming the Consumer Products Division, created to develop and market retail products and to  provide support for individual users. Microsoft expands its market to the European market with the addition of Vector Microsoft. Vector International signs on to represent Microsoft in the European market. Microsoft begins extending its network worldwide to computer manufacturers; they begin using Microsoft hardware and software for  2  the computers they produce. Microsoft has already established contracts with ICL, Phillips, R2E, and several other OEMs. The arrival of the 16-bit IBM personal computer in 1981 set in motion the new era of computing, the personal computer. Within a few years, the industry would come together around two primary operating systems: Microsoft MS-DOS and the Apple Macintosh. On June 25, 1981 Microsoft reorganizes into a privately held corporation with Bill Gates as President and Chairman of the Board, and Paul Allen as Executive Vice President. Microsoft becomes Microsoft, Inc., an incorporated business in the State of Washington. On June 25, 1982, James Towne, 39, was appointed president and chief operating officer of Microsoft (July 6 1982 June 20 1983). In July, Towne took over all operating responsibilities from Bill Gates. Previously, Towne had been vice president and general manager of the instrument division at Tektronix Inc. ebruary 18, 1983 Paul Allen resigns as Microsofts Executive Vice President, but rem ains on the Board of Directors. June 20, 1983. James Towne resignes as COO  August 1, 1983 Microsoft announces that Jon Shirley, 45, has joined Microsoft as President and Chief Operating Officer and will be on the board from August 1, to June 30,. He is replacing James Towne. Shirley was previously with the Tandy Corporation. In August 1983, Jon Shirley, 45, joined Microsoft as president, chief operating officer, and director. During all these changes Microsoft unveils windows an operating platform that we are all familiar with and use to this day. August 12, Microsoft celebrates its 10th anniversary with sales figures for the fiscal year of 1985 of $140 million. The company has 900 employees and a diverse product line including industry standards like operating systems, languages, business software, hardware, and computer how-to books. September 3, Microsoft announcesv  that it has selected the Republic of Ireland as the site of its first production facility outside the U.S. Th e Ireland facility, located at Sandyford, County Dublin, will be a Duplication and Distribution Center for Microsoft software products to be sold in the European market. On March 13,1986,motivated by a desire to provide value to an increasing number of employee shareholders, Microsoft stock goes public at $21.00 per share, rising to $28.00 per share by the end of the first trading day. Initial public offering raises $61 million. December31, Microsoft announces that, at the end of 1986, Microsoft employees’ number 1,442. 1,162 are employed domestically, and 280 are employed internationally.

SA Purge - June 1934 :: Ancient Rome Roman History

SA Purge - June 1934 The Nazi consolidation of power was a gradual process that took place in many steps and was due to many factors, although a great deal happened in the first few months of Hitler's rule. However, the purge of the SA in June 1934 was a major turning point as it tremendously increased Hitler's power over the state. By the time Adolf Hitler was elected as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, the consolidation of power was not having the desired effect. Hitler immediately called another election, and using his newly acquired power, his first step was to ban all newspapers and political meetings, particularly those of the Communists (KPD). He also dissolved the Prussian parliament, which effectively gave Hermann Goring complete control of 60% of Germany's police force. The police support of the Nazi Party was the backing for a violent terror campaign against other political parties, again particularly against the KPD. This campaign of terror resulted in the Reichstag fire, blamed on the Communists. Some historians believe the fire was started by the Nazis, and was all a ruse to lose more Communist votes and exploit fears of a mass left-wing uprising. Whatever the case, Hitler claimed that the Communists were trying to intentianally thwart the Nazis' election campaign. He asked President Hindenburg for extra powers to deal with any potential hazards, prompting Hindenburg to issue the Decree for the Protection of People and State. This law allowed the government to arrest people at will and also take over provincial governments, and was the first step towards a totalitarian government. It allowed the Nazis to completely smash the Communist election campaign and gain more seats in the Reichstag. Despite this mass terror campaign, the nazi party still failed to win the majority of seats in the election, gaining under 44% of the votes. However, a majority was eventually gained by the Nazi's winning the support of the Nationalist Party, as well as continuing campaigns of intimidation and scare-mongering. In the March election the Nazi party claimed just over half of the seats in the Reichstag, making them the largrest political party in Germany. However, the Nazis were not voted for in many Catholic and working-class areas of Germany. This did not stop their drive for power - they simply took control of the state governments and persuaded the Reichstag to pass an Enabling Law, which would give Hitler national power for the next four years.

Development of the Education System and Society

It is been a fact that our educational system has reached far beyond our imagination. Through the development of our educational system, we are able to enhance our technology by inventing new inventions that will be useful and meet the societies’ needs; and thus, these create positive impacts to our society. It helps our society more lively and makes things accessible and a lot easier. Furthermore, as we continue to study this issue, we should try to understand what is an education and learn a little overview which regards to this.Education is the growth and improvement of the capacity of the individual to be useful member of our society through teaching and learning precise beliefs, skills and knowledge. Confidentially, it is the procedure of taking in knowledge of numbers and language which are learned from parents and more members of the culture of the students and concerning the execution of surrounding objects.The magazines, journals, books and digest in the field of educ ation deal with the teaching and learning preparations and trainings which comprise game playing, testing, record keeping, seating arrangements, lectures, interests, scheduling, bullying, computer access and motivation. It is presently established and renowned that the greatest significant elements in some effectiveness of the teacher are the communication with students and the education and the teacher’s personality.The greatest teachers are competent to interpret knowledge of a subject, excellent adjudication, knowledge and wisdom into an important knowledge of a subject which is comprehend and kept hold of by the student. It is their capability to comprehend a subject expertly enough that they can be able to express its quintessence to a newfangled generation of students which is necessary of every teacher. The objective is to be able to establish a knowledge substance base which permits the student to develop as they are laid open into distinct life happenings. The transi tory of knowledge from generation to other generation permits the student to develop and mature into a serviceable member of our society.The purpose of this study is to explore the development of the education system and its impact it had on society.OverviewIt is generally acknowledged that the procedure of education starts at birth and endures during the course of life. There are many perceive and have confidence with that education begins previous than this- as indication by several parents who play music or read to the baby, hoping that it will persuade and motivate the development of the child. Education is frequently making used to denote to â€Å"formal education†. Moreover, it conceals a variety of occurrences since formal learning up to the constructing of understanding and knowledge amidst of our day to day living.Eventually, every situation that we undergo aids or serves as a form of our education. Distinct people study and discover in distinct approaches and severa l things will have to be made clear several times in several distinct approaches before the majority of the students â€Å"gets it†. Several students, unluckily, will never â€Å"get it† in view of the fact that they don’t give any interest on it or have not able to learn sufficiently of the foundation knowledge of a prearranged subject to go forward to the next level. Each one of us receives informal education from several sources (see â€Å"Education†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. August 25, 2006.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education). Thus, this informal education and formal education will lead us to bring change in our society by making new or advancements in our technologies, just like in the field of IT.*Development of the Educational System and its impact it had on Society*Through the progress in our educational system, we are able to improve our technologies which help us connect globally. Advance technology is part of the development o f our educational system. Moreover, it also enhances our economic stability by engaging businesses globally using the advance technology that we have learned through our education.Information technology as defined by Ben Meadowcroft in his study that â€Å"it is the technology that is utilized to store, manipulate, distribute or make information.  Several nonprofit and institutions are keen and enthusiastic to understand either developing technologies and the Internet posses an authentic positive impact on civil society and either nonprofits are taking hold of the chances to utilize technology in groundbreaking procedures in order to fulfill their assignment. On the other hand, technology can be able to utilize to gather together the people internationally around a shared cause to realize and accomplish world-changing outcomes far beyond the assurance of empowering nonprofit organizations in order to perform significant purposes like as fundraising, and recruiting unpaid workers more efficiently.In distinction to several of the undertakings expressed through William Galston, David Eisner declared that: â€Å"the truly transformative impact that the Internet will have on nonprofits is specifically in the area of building community.† James Austin stated that technology is redefining â€Å"community† while it is no longer concentrated on geography but then on another shared qualities which can connect people throughout cyberspace. He recommended a newfangled description of community â€Å"a group of people bound together by shared activities, purpose, and values.† As stated by Eisner, there are four inclinations that are unfavorable to understanding the internet’s influence in creating societiesØ   There are more people who will discover and realize that it is easier to form supplementary associations as outcomes of the internet.Ø   Inquiring each individual to give will become simple and uncomplicated since information an d action can presently be incorporated. Example, contributors can read which regard the earthquake in India and then stretched and offer all at once through the use of internet.Ø   Reports, fundraising, online societies and procedures to lend a hand, which Eisner called the â€Å"cycle of engagement,† will turn out to be frictionless, in view of the fact that the internet empowers people to learn regarding a dilemma and do something without delay and flawlessly.Ø   By mean of networking, people can be able to perform simultaneously more carefully and thoroughly in high-quality information sharing and learning societies.Online interaction gives a strong structural and administrative tool for advocacy operation and promotions. Mike Whitlam stated that â€Å"As a communication tool, as campaigning tool, it’s incredible.† But then, this strong association turn out to be a reality if not, nonprofit organizations posses the capacity to utilize technology. Ei sner stated that:â€Å"What’s really important is even where grants are related to technology,  Ã‚  Ã‚   grant makers need to take an interest in their grantee’s technological proficiency in the same way that they take an interest in their staff capability, their management, and their financial credibility.†Turning to present inclinations in e-philanthropy, Austin declared that same as the Internet business world, the e-philanthropy society (with nonprofit and for profit) is undergoing distress labor pains. As Austin continued that there will be additional terminations and merging, but then the space will not disappear. The internet technology has irrevocably altered the philanthropic capital market. Austin was able to identify the four forces as the precarious shapers of the newfangled technology-based e-philanthropy society. Ant these are economic pressures, mistrust, clashing cultures and technology readiness.An article entitled â€Å"education and Economi c Development† stated that the development of the internet has taken along newfangled chances and enhanced communication to several businesses and people. Globally, IT expenditure is foretold to upsurge by 35 percent in 2010, as stated by the research firm IDC (Worldwide Black Book, 2004). As an outcome, the need will increase for extremely equipped individuals to administer and support IT systems.In United States of America, every year there is an increase in need for those work forces have been the topmost amongst the It sector. Moreover, in several emerging countries, get into training on the newest technologies is either inadequate or unobtainable. An absence of way in to technology and education regarding its use is one issue contributing to the â€Å"gulf† amongst developed and developing economies. The said gulf is known as â€Å"digital divide† (see â€Å"Education and Economic development† http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac227/ac111/cisco_and_socie ty/education_and_economic_development.html).On the other hand, the article entitled â€Å"Science Education System Standards stated that the science education system standards give standard for adjudicating the presentation of the modules of the science education system accountable for giving schools with essential financial and intellectual means. In spite of the recurrent usage of the terminology â€Å"educational system†, the sense is frequently ambiguous. States are element of a national education system and schools are included as elements of a local society which can comprise universities and colleges, parks and museums, laboratories, community organizations, various media, businesses and nature centers.The initial purpose of the science system is to provide society with technically and methodically well-educated citizens. Resources and information invigorate the system. The information’s nature-the greatness of resources- and the tracks along which they move ar e managed and regulated through policies which are limited and controlled in instruments like judicial rulings, legislation and budgets. Systems can be characterized in an assortment of procedures which depend on the intention and the data to be communicated. An example of this is in figure below which portrays the overlap amongst three systems which persuade the preparation of science education. This kind of illustration is a cue that actions done in sole system have insinuations not only in science education but then again for other systems too (see â€Å"Science Education System Standards†. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/8.html).The overlap of three systems which persuade science educationOrganization of performance amongst the systems can work for as a strong and influential force for alteration. But then, if performances are at cross intentions, their results and influences can be refuted and invalidated and make waste and conflict. The overlap in the figure a bove demonstrates that everyday pursuits of science classrooms are persuaded and manipulated indirectly and directly through several organizations that are themselves systems. National organizations and societies, private sector special- interest groups and government agencies at the local, regional, state, and national levels are three amongst many. Organizations have senior manager officer and administering body that eventually are accountable for the activities of the organizations and persuade on science education.The sovereignty of government organizations to persuade classroom science originates from two sources and these are the: (1) legislative, judicial authority or constitutional, and (2) economic and political act.   Since education is not precisely brought up as a federal power in United States Constitution, authority intended for education exists in states or regional. Federal dollars might be sought out for precise usages but since dollars move through state organiza tions to local regions, their usage is lay open to alteration to meet up the state purposes. State education agencies usually have more unswerving effect on science classroom pursuits compared with federal organizations. The science education is also considered as a network to make easy thinking which concerns the system’s several interacting modules.Science education system’s components aid an assortment of purposes which persuade the classroom’s practice of science education. The functions usually made the decision at the state-but there are times that the local will do- level comprises the substance of the school science course, the traits and qualities of the science program, the character of science teaching, and evaluation practices (see â€Å"Science Education System Standards†. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/8.html)Several distinct organizations and trustworthy individuals interrelate. The illustration below portrays in what way is each individual and every agency from distinct systems interrelates in the groundwork, certification and science teachers’ employment. Science education system’s components which have a main influence on teacher’s certificate match in four classifications and these are: (1) professional societies like the American Association of Physics, American Geological Institute, National Science Teachers Association,   National Association of Biology Teachers and American Chemical Society; (2) program-accrediting agencies like the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education which confirms teacher educations programs and National Board for Professional Teaching Standards which confirms teachers; (3) higher education’s organizations functioning within and cross state, local levels and national.Professional societies normally are not supposed of as accrediting agencies but rather their membership criterions explain what a professional is. The illustration bel ow was taken from â€Å"science Education System Standards†. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/8.html.A research study published in February 2005 entitled â€Å"the Impact of the State Higher Education System on the Texas Economy† and written by Carole Keeton Strayhorn explained that â€Å"Higher education has an important impact or effect on the Texas’ economy, increasing the Texas economic engine with 33.2 billion USD each year. Seeing that the system obtains just about 6 billion USD yearly in the state general revenue and regional property tariffs, each dollar capitalize in the higher education system of the state finally returns 5.50 USD to the Texas economy. This is an extraordinary and notable return, even for all-or-nothing technology instigation.But then, when it comes to the Texas higher education system, the risk factors are much higher. In favor of, the investors in Texas are capitalizing in the most significant business enterprise for the pr eparation of the young Texans’ future. With this fundamental role, state higher education funding is bringing up the rear ground to other state service industries. After regulating for inflation, expenditure on public protection and alterations increased 223 percent in the previous 15 years at the same time as real higher education spending increased only 44 percent throughout the same span of time. This study of Carole Keeton Strayton scrutinizes the economic impact of higher education by two extensive avenues. The initial and most direct impact is the supplementary sales, profits and service made by external dollars being brought into the Texas economy.The second is the long-term function higher education participates in escalating the capacity of the economy of the state by a more well-informed and beneficial work force. Her research presented that $3.1 billion in yearly student, investigation and health care-correlated higher education spending from out-of-state possessio ns is spent and re-spent by the Texas consumers and businesses every year to sum up $10.1 billion in economic amount produced. Furthermore, the Texas higher education system frequently links with the private sector to make occupations and enhance the Texans’ quality of life. Seeing together the profits and productivity-based methods, the Texas higher education system finally increases and multiplies the productivity capacity of the Texas economy having the average of 23.1 billion USD every year.Adding together the â€Å"supply-side† of profit to the $10.1 billion impacts from out-of-sate spending take along the sum total impact of the higher education system on the economy of Texas to 33.2 billion USD every year. The contribution of higher education to the Texas economy is considerable and significant than to other businesses. In reality, the totality of three years of the economic impact of the higher education exceeds Texas’ 72 billion USD gas and oil business or 62 billion USD high machinery and equipment business. Eventually, a few of higher education victories demonstrate the function of higher education in expanding and intensifying occupations and the eminence of life in every Texan individual (see Strayhorn, C. K. â€Å"The Impact of the State Higher Education System on the Texas Economy†. February 2005. http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/highered05/).In addition, the Texas higher education system comprises of 145 private and public colleges, health-related organizations and teaching centers and universities, comprising 44 private organizations and 101 state-supported. The admission every in university and college in Texas in 2004’s fall was about 1.2 million and was anticipated to range at least 1.3 million students in 2015.Texas, as one of the most populated states, the students depend heavily upon public instead of the private higher education organizations. As stated by the Texas Higher Education Coordinatin g Board, greater than 90 percent or about 1,064,620 students are admitted at its publicly-funded organizations which comprise universities (483,645), 57 community colleges and other two-year organizations (565,839), 35 and nine public health-related organizations (15,136).   The Texas’ public higher education is funded by a mixture of student fees, tuition, clinic and hospital revenue and other local endowments (see Strayhorn, C. K. â€Å"The Impact of the State Higher Education System on the Texas Economy†. February 2005. http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/highered05). References 1. â€Å"Education†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. August 25, 2006.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education 2. Meadowcroft, B. â€Å"The Impact of Information technology on work and society†. http://www.benmeadowcroft.com/reports/impact/ 3. Galston, William. â€Å"Creating Vibrant Spaces for Civil Society Organizations on the Internet after E-Commerce†. http://www.independentsector.org/PDFs/factfind4.pdf. 4. â€Å"Education and Economic development† http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac227/ac111/cisco_and_society/education_and_economic_development.html 5. â€Å"Science Education System Standards†. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/8.html 6.   Strayhorn, C. K. â€Å"The Impact of the State Higher Education System on the Texas Economy†. February 2005. http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/highered05

Gender and Communication Essay

When we think of gender, we often think of male or female; that’s only half of understanding gender. The denotations of male and female actually refer to biological and physiological sex. Gender is a sociological construct of values, ideals, and behaviors about what it means to be either male or female, and are often regarded in terms of masculine or feminine, respectively. Many people use sex and gender interchangeably, but one does not have to be male to identify as masculine, and vice versa. we have both a biological, physical characteristic;sex with a superimposed cultural construct gender. The same applies to both race and culture, respectively. Race refers to groups of people who are distinguished by shared physical characteristics, such as skin color and hair type. Culture refers to the customs, habits, and value systems of groups of people. People of the same race may not share the same culture; similarly, a culture isn’t necessarily comprised of people of the same race. Women and men communicate most effectively when they understand the â€Å"invisible rules† unique to each gender. Research presented by Dr. Pat Heim in her video, â€Å"The Invisible Rules: Men, Women and Teams,† indicates that each gender is a â€Å"culture† in itself, raised with invisible rules of conduct instinctively known to all adult members of that gender. Therefore, men and women behave according to two separate sets of rules about what â€Å"right† is. I. Consequently, behavior that seems natural and appropriate to one gender culture can seem baffling, hurtful or wrong to others. When we work with someone of the opposite gender and he or she does something that seems a bit strange, we often become intolerant and defensive. We do not realize that men and women come from different cultures, even if they are raised in the same homes, educated in the same schools and live in the same country. II. The two gender cultures are different in many ways. Understanding the invisible rules unique to each gender can help us become better team members and leaders. It is important to remember that these are generalizations on gender behavior based on the 80% portion of the bell curve. There are always exceptions to the rule. Examples given are based on what research tells us. A. In every culture of the world, children are taught to be appropriate adults through the games they play. When boys are growing up, they play baseball, basketball, football, cops and robbers, cowboys and Indians and war, all of which are hierarchical team sports. They learn how to compete, be aggressive, play to win, strategize, take risks and mask emotions. Playing their assigned role in the hierarchy, boys learn to obey their coach unquestioningly, become leaders and play with people they do not like. In essence, boys learn how to garner power, manage conflict and win or lose without becoming emotionally involved with their â€Å"competitors. † B. More than likely, the girls we grew up with were not playing team sports. Girls play with people they like (usually one-on-one) and learn their cultural lessons from â€Å"doll games† in which there are no winners or losers. Girl play reinforces â€Å"getting along and being nice,† protecting friendships by negotiating differences, seeking win-win situations and focusing on what is fair for all instead of winners and losers. C. girls (unlike boys) have â€Å"flat† versus hierarchical relationships. A very important rule in women’s culture is that the power in interpersonal relationships is always kept â€Å"dead even. † There is never a â€Å"boss doll player. † Girls who try to be the boss quickly learn that this damages friendships. Consequently, when adult women enter a hierarchical workplace, they often attempt to equalize power, negotiate relationships and share power equally. III. Does this mean that since the Coast Guard is a hierarchical organization, women cannot succeed? Of course not. Does it mean that the hierarchical leadership style is always the appropriate choice? Again, absolutely not. The command and control leadership style associated with a hierarchy works most effectively in time-bound situations, when there is no alternative or in emergencies. For example, on scene at an urgent search-and-rescue case, the command and control style works best. Time is limited, one person needs to be in control of the situation and everyone needs to fulfill their specific roles. A. However, take the same SAR case and look at what is going on in the Operations Center. There, the supervisor needs the expertise and ideas of everyone on watch to make the best decision. Each person might provide additional ideas as to how the case could best be handled. In a flat structure then, the leadership style is based on involvement. B. This style works most effectively when you need creativity and psychological buy in and you need them to make it work. Clearly, the Coast Guard has many different situations that require different leadership styles. Using the same style in every situation is a quick recipe for ineffectiveness. By understanding the different styles, we can more successfully choose the appropriate one for the situation. IV. Sometimes the tendency for women to associate with one style and men to associate with the other leads to misunderstandings. For example, on a large cutter, a male chief was supervising a female second class petty officer. He directed her to perform a certain task. After listening to the tasking, the petty officer recommended an alternate method that she had learned at another unit and proved to be very successful. A. The chief assumed that she was being insubordinate. In his view, being a team player meant knowing your role in the hierarchy and playing your role without question. The chief’s anger and unwillingness to listen to her ideas made the petty officer feel unwelcome on the team. For her, being a team player meant helping the group by recommending ideas that might benefit the team. B. The two different structures (hierarchical versus flat) have different definitions of what makes a good team player. Both members were working within the invisible rules that had been programmed into them from an early age. Neither felt good about the interaction, and their trust in each other was seriously damaged. Had either of them been aware of the differing styles, this unpleasant situation could have been avoided. conclusion As you can see, the unique socializing experiences of men and women as they grow up create separate rules and realities for each gender. It is not a matter of who is â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong. † One challenge that women face today is that most organizations are run by the rules of team sports. This fact does not absolve women from learning the hierarchical, goal-focused rules of most men, nor does it absolve men from the need to learn about the strengths of the flat, process-oriented focus most women bring to the workplace. The Coast Guard needs both styles to be successful. It is important to promote the best possible communication between men and women in the workplace. As we move between the male and female cultures, we sometimes have to change how we behave; speak the language of the other gender to gain the best results from the situation. Clearly, successful organizations of the future are going to have leaders and team members who understand, respect and apply the rules of gender culture appropriately.

Band dream essays

Band dream essays I can remember growing up and thinking the best part of the Katy football games where when the band marched at halftime. I would stand on the bleachers and wave my hands up and down pretending to direct the band. The sound of the music, the neat uniforms and the gleam of all the instruments under the stadium lights was wonderful. I started dreaming way back then of being in the Katy band just like my older brother. I watched and listened as my brother practiced his music everyday. I knew that I would have to work just as hard to achieve my goal of being in band. I was afraid that learning how to read music would be difficult for me. When I joined the West Memorial Junior High Band I realized reading music came naturally to me. I continued in the band all through junior high, knowing all my efforts would soon bring me to my goal of being a part of the Katy Band. Before I knew it, I was standing at the end zone at Rhodes Field waiting to make my first half-time performance. I was so nervous as I walked to my place on the field. Was I really was ready to do it? I counted one two three then we started. I went thru my first set then my second and third and so on. When I got to the tenth it was over. I had done it and had not mess up once. I was very proud of myself when the band directors said what a really good job we had done especially since most of us had never marched before. After I finished I remembered back to when I was a kid in the stands thinking that some kid out there was like me dreaming to be on the field. On my way back to the stands I had realized how much band had changed my life already. As I got back into my seat I realized I had not only accomplished my dream, but many other things. I had met new friends including my best friend and boyfriend I will keep all through high school and hopefully longer. I have learned through hard work and dedication you can achieve your dreams. ...

Challenges administrative assistants face and how to deal with it

Challenges administrative assistants face and how to deal with it Administrative assistants are the office superheroes. Their job includes  making sure the office is running effectively and as smooth as possible while still juggling their other duties. Great administrative assistants are an invaluable asset to any company. But sometimes they face challenges from their coworkers  whether is it being taken for granted or even being taken as a personal assistant; administrative assistants constantly have to fight these challenges in the office. Here are 5 common challenges administrative assistants face and how to deal with it effectively.Source [Quill]

Financial Management during Economic Downturn Essay

Financial Management during Economic Downturn - Essay Example However, during the period of economic downturn or recession, this task is little more difficult as financial decisions are not likely work out as planned by a financial manager. Planning is relatively a simple task as it basically needs only past data with information on how to relate them to future conditions. But, when it comes to realise that financial outcomes do not come out as planned, the firm's financial position gets affected adversely and eventually its existence. Keeping this in view the present paper attempts to discuss the problems that are faced by a financial manger during the period of economic downturn. The paper does not discuss the issue from the view point of any particular firm. Instead it presents the issue from a macroeconomic point of view taking all types of firms. Economic downturn or recession is an economic situation wherein the general economic activities experience a slow down. When the general economic activities of a country get affected by a recession, the country's economic progress and growth will surely be affected leading to low GDP; spending; employment opportunities; capacity utilisation; and individual and household income (Roland 2007). In fact, these variables are necessary to the economic progress and prosperity of a country and its business activities. In short, economic slowdown affects the business activities by low demand for goods and services, poor cash flow from customers and low lending by financial institutions in the economy. This will eventually result in unavailability of finance (log term and short term), less collection from debtors, unavailability of factors of production for enterprises in the economy (The United States Department of Labor 2006). These cause serious financial implications such as low profitabi lity and less growth to the shareholders, which threaten the smooth functioning of business operations. As a result, the individual financial manager should chalk out certain financial plans to revive his firm from economic slowdown. 3.0 Financial Manager's Role The financial manager's role is pivotal in a firm which runs through a tough economy leading to poor debt collection and credit availability. The responsibility of a financial manager in such a pathetic situation is to revive the firm to the earlier position. But it is a huge task and he needs to take and follow a proactive approach rather than reactive efforts. He should take initiatives right from financial planning and budgeting on the anticipation of economic slowdown at any time in future. Moreover, the plans and budgets are to be aligned to the actual happenings in such a way that there is no big gap between the two. The following sections will detail some of the important measures to be followed by a financial manager in times of general economic recession. 3.1 Cash flow Projections Liquid cash is an essential element for the smooth flow of routine business activities. Cash is needed for a number of activities right from purchasing stationery to payment of dividend to shareholders. Unless the firm has a level of cash enough to meet the daily needs, the business operations get affected and will adversely impact the flow of goods and services to the customers. This implies liquid cash is an essential asset, the absence of which will affect the normal operations and

Should Philosophers care about the history of philosophy Essay

Should Philosophers care about the history of philosophy - Essay Example Philosophers should have a considerable link to the history of philosophy as cited by many theorists and thinkers. Many philosophical concepts used today have their origin in philosophical history and they are just an evolved form of the ideas generated in the past. As a matter of fact, to give a an extensive interpretation of predecessors is quite common in the philosophical world where Hegel, Heidegger and Nietzsche are often quoted as to give a contemporary philosophical thought by reviewing the history (Sorell & Rogers, pp. 1). However, philosophers in the English-Speaking part of the world do not care about its history since; their type of philosophy is more of an analytical nature, which is required to be concise and relevant to the era in which people are living. The history of philosophy plays a significant role in giving an introduction and a deep knowledge of the subject to the aspiring students of today’s world. It is important for initial philosophers to have a tho rough understanding of the basis of the subject upon which they would base their further assumptions and concepts for the field to grow. Moreover, it is only through the knowledge of the history of philosophy that the philosophers would come to realize, which concepts and ideas were flawed and rejected like that of Descartes (Sorell & Rogers, pp. 2) so that they may look out for their new dimensions and correct them to widen the scope. History of any kind pertaining to any subject is an important aspect to retain if growth is one of the objectives. Considering philosophy, we know well that there have been quite well known philosophers in the history of humankind who have made tremendous efforts in analyzing different philosophical problems and searching for their solutions in a logical manner. It would be merely a waste of time, money and resources if contemporary philosophers involve themselves in the same process in case they do not give any heed to the subject’s history. N evertheless, philosophy is one of the subjects whose concepts and ideas always have a hook. They are grown with related links and this way, subsequently, the field advances (Sorell & Rogers, pp. 4-5). Every other point always has a relevance to something of the pas that helps in giving an advanced cognition for the contemporary philosophers and a chance to learn from their predecessors who might be dead but whose extensive researches are always present for them to learn and make progress. It is often said that the philosophers who fail to understand the past accounts and happenings in the related field, subsequently, fail to hold a firm grasp over following assumptions and thus end up with bas results (Sorell & Rogers, pp. 38). A philosopher can, certainly, not do philosophy without a perspective or without a standpoint. This standpoint or direction is given merely by having a thorough review of the past philosophers and their immense work done in this regards. The subject divided a multiple dimensional approach by the doer and a well-done background analysis to proceed (Makumba, pp-11). In many cases, there has to be an inspiration which drives a philosopher to make further detailed analysis and take the object forward. This inspiration is the result of the philosophers’ research and review of the historical literature and the earlier philosophers. Additionally, in philosophy there are reservation of thoughts and ideas held by the people against or in favour of any theory or assumption put forward. These reservations are further carried by generations and generations in the same manner without actually referring to the actually happening. While, in philosophy, the contemporary philosophers should have a proper understanding of the past ideas and concepts and should hold their own judgement without any biases carried for generations. Only on the basis of first-hand knowledge of the historical accounts of ideas and concepts can the philosopher base a str ong and authentic argument to

Sense and sensibility on the major characters Research Paper

Sense and sensibility on the major characters - Research Paper Example Marianne outspoken and unrestrictive while Elinor is otherwise. Austen disapproves sensibility and shows regard for sense. Elinor does counseling and decision making. Elinor’s love is concealed. Marianne makes mistakes. Marianne’s love is expressed. Marianne sees no attraction in Edward and ignores Colonel Brandon. Willoughby appears as a hero to Marianne. She realizes that she herself was responsible for her dilemma. Edward is a principled man. Willoughby’s real personality comes to forefront when he maliciously makes fun of Colonel Brandon. He was a flirt and devious person. Marianne and Willoughby demonstrate the theme of sensibility through their love bondage. The love bondage between Elinor and Edward demonstrates the theme of sense. Conclusion Elinor succeeds because of using sense. Marianne fails and learns to use sense in place of sensibility to be successful. Realizing her fault, she marries her true partner, Colonel Brandon. Sense has an edge over sensi bility. Effects of Sense and Sensibility on Major characters Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen portrays a number of characters that shape the story of the novel. The characters in Austen’s work describe life and journeying through the course of life with the help of sense and sensibility. Austen draws a line between ‘sense’ and ‘sensibility’. According to Austen, these terms are different from one another. In the novel, the character of Elinor, who is also the protagonist of the work, shows sense while Marianne’s character shows sensibility. Elinor and Marianne are sisters, but have different personalities. The major characters of the work are Elinor Dashwood, Marianne Dashwood, Edward Ferrars and John Willoughby. Other characters of the story circulate and help these characters to develop and get to a certain destination. Austen describes sense as rationality, reasoning and responsibility while sensibility as expressive, emotional, impetuo sity and passion. Elinor is successful based on her sense while Marianne falls short because of her sensibility. Sense and Sensibility draws a clear distinctive line between sense and sensibility with the support of two major characters of the novel that are Elinor Dashwood and Marianne Dashwood. Elinor is older than Marianne and stands for sense because of her qualities such as reasoning, self-control, accountability towards family and society and consideration of others’ betterment. However, Marianne stands for sensibility because of her qualities such as emotionalism, naturalness, outspokenness, impetuously and unnecessary expressiveness (Armstrong 53). Elinor loves Edward, but keeps her feelings concealed, and makes use of rationality while Marianne outspokenly and unrestrictive makes known about her feelings about Willoughby. The difference between their personalities is portrayed through their behaviors towards the men they love. However, this cannot be said that Elinor using sense never shows passion and Elinor using sensibility never talks intelligent. Elinor is passionate in her love, but her style is diverged from Marianne. Austen being against the sensibility of eighteenth century points towards the importance of sense in her novel. From Elinor’s success, she proves that sense is not a negligible characteristic while she disapproves sensibility by showing the failure in Marianne’s relationship to Willoughby (Lauber 21). In her portrayal of Elinor, she draws a picture of a woman who is able to succeed being restrictive and

The Roles And Responsibilities Of Managers

The Roles And Responsibilities Of Managers It is very important if a manager wants cooperation from his team or employees, or to pay attention. A good manager practices empathy and respects the personal values, opinions and ideas of the people he interacts with. He should listen and respond and offer praises and encouragements when they make progress. By doing that he will enhance their self esteem and will build trust. As the boss, his ability to develop trust and confidence, resolve problems and issues will result in a productive, goal oriented work group. He should encourage his team to ask for help, get involved and participate. A capable manager is often described as having a vision of where to go and the ability to articulate it. Communication skill A manager is the middle person in between the top management level and the team that reports to him. He is also the teams link to the larger organisation. He must have the ability to effectively negotiate and use persuasion when necessary to ensure the success of the team and project. Through effective communication, manager supports individual and team achievements by creating guidelines for the career advancement of team members and for accomplishing tasks. He has to ensure that communication between the two layers is smooth and is conveyed clearly to avoid misinterpretations and dissatisfaction. Good communication skills are useful to develop his negotiation and customer service skills, especially if he deals with clients. A good planner In order for a manager to achieve long term goals and commit to strategies for substantial earnings, he has to communicate the vision of the company to his subordinates. He should break down and clarify the goals that each team or individual have to perform and assign work schedules and strategies to them. It also involves thinking and planning out strategies on how to improve quality and also being cost conscious and effective. Having goals and planning out the directions allow for effective time management and saves cost and resources. Setting deadlines and goals helps keep employees focused, busy and motivates them to do their work. A good manager should talk to each of his employees about the companys goals, and work with them to set individual goals directly linked to organizations target mission. He should make sure that the employees understand their professional growth path in the company. Decision Maker The daily routine of making decisions for a manger includes determining how to approach an employee who is not performing or lacking progress and how to bring about change to the organization and its team. His day to day decision is based on whats important, whats right and not whos right. Leadership skill This is one of the most important skill. His position entails him to guide and give direction so that the team can perform effectively. A good manager offers job coaching, training and support. In order for individuals to meet the needs and objectives, they may need extra input, information or skills. The performance of his team depends on his abilities to empower them. How well a person performs depends on his motivation. His task as the boss is to encourage and coach others to improve themselves and the quality of their work. He needs to implement in them the desire to excel and accept responsibility and self management. Appraiser A good manager need to have the capacity to evaluate and examine a process or procedure and decide on the best choice to produce an outcome. He looks at the importance, quality and values and then taking the best approach. He is also expected to track the progress of each individuals activities and effectiveness, review them and offer feedback and counselling. Recognize problems It is impossible for a manager to know about personality conflicts, lagging productivity or other problems in the office if he has his head in the sand. If he notices a change in an employees work habits or attitude, he should try to get to the root of the problem before that problem starts to affect rest of the staff. Provide Satisfaction The subordinates of a manager are happy when they are provided with the necessary tools and resource. They feel secure if the management puts priority to health, safety and cleanliness issues. And this in turn helps in satisfying customers by giving good quality of service or product and taking care of their needs. New methods and technologies A manager should keep himself updated on methods and technologies that can make him and his team more efficient. Proper use of power In order to achieve the goal expected from a manger, he must have power and authority to act in a way that will stimulate a positive response from the workers. A manager depending on the situation, exercises different types of power, viz reward power and expert power. Besides the formal basis, the informal basis of power also has a more powerful impact on organizational effectiveness. A manager is only effective when his subordinates obey his orders. So, the manager uses appropriate power so that his subordinates willingly obey the orders and come forward with commitment. Proper time management Time is the most precious and vital thing in management. There are three dimensions of time boss imposed time system imposed time self imposed time As the manager has a thorough knowledge of the principle of time management such as preparing time charts, scheduling techniques, etc., he should utilize the time productively in the organization. Relationship Managerial behavior implies the existence of a manager managed relationship. This relationship arises in an organization. A manager should have a very good relationship with all his subordinates. It is very important for both his personal and official life. Sources of influence In case of a manager, authority is attached to his managerial position. In other words, managers obtain authority from his followers or subordinates. Sanctions A Manager has command over all allocation and distributions of sanctions between employees. For Example, Manager has control over the positive sanctions such as promotion and awards for his task performance and the contribution to organizational objectives. Manager is also in a position to exercises the negative sanctions such as with- holding promotions, or mistakes, etc. A leader has different type of sanctions to exercise and grant. He can generate or with hold access to satisfying the very purpose of joining the groups social satisfactions and related task rewards. These informal sanctions are relevant to the individual with belongingness or ego needs: where as the organizational sanctions granted or exercised by the managers are geared to the physiological and security needs of individual. Competence Selection of managers in an organization is done on their ability to successfully lead others rather than on past technical expertise. A manager who has a winning track record is considered competent. Competence also requires expertise in management skills. A capable and competent manager has the ability to challenge, inspire, model, enable and encourage his employees. Cool under pressure In a perfect world, projects would be delivered on time, under budget and with no major problems or obstacles to overcome. This happens due to a manager who takes all these problems in stride. When efficient managers encounter a stressful event, they consider it interesting, they feel they can influence the outcome and they see it as an opportunity. They take these events as a challenge rather than a stress. To be an exemplary role model Managers who set high standards or goals and achieve them are great leaders by examples. The ability to tolerate stress and remain poise under job pressures and still maintain a high activity and energy level is the main quality of a manager. In order to be a respected and efficient manager, a manager needs to work hard in his personal growth. EFFECTIVE DEALING OF PROBLEMS BY A MANAGER In a workplace a manager suffers from a lot of problems from his employees. These problems may be personal or official. Some of the most common problems are briefed below : Poor performance People think that poor performance occurs due to lack of skill but it is not always like that, it may also occur as employees are disorganised. Proper guidance can correct this problem. If performance difficulties relate to a lack of skills, additional training or coaching can solve these problems. Job incompatibility Sometimes skills of an employee arent compatible with their assigned tasks or regular duties. In this type of cases, offering the employee additional training or assigning them a different set of tasks is usually the most appropriate course of action. Sloppy work Whenever a manager notices that, an employee has made some errors, he should point out the mistakes to the employee and monitor their work more closely. If the problem persists, he should speak with the employee and detail the most serious examples of problems with their work. A good manager always remains positive and remembers the employees contribution to the company. Create an effective message A managers message should fit executives, middle managers, supervisors and employees. An effective message by a manager should also explain the employees ´ day-to-day duties directly affect the companys performance and he should touch on the values and pride of the employees. A direct face to face interaction by a manager can help to inspire employees and to reinforce positive attitude in them. This interaction helps the employees to adapt any change in the organization. Listening to employees Employees feedback is very important in an organization in case of managing change. Holding focus groups with employees is a great way to gauge reaction and monitor the progress of change. A manager can also ask his employees to provide feedback through email or company intranet. Even a blog can be used for this purpose which is quite popular now. For a successful change management proper communication is very important. Talking to your employees is not an one-time event, a good manager should reinforce his message by communicating quite often and on a regular basis. EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT MANAGERS An efficient leader can be summarised as a person who has a lot of capability where as an effective leader is one whose works produce good results for an organization. Effectiveness and efficiency are mutually exclusive things. They are both fundamental preconditions for a manager. Being effective means that one has the ability to properly analyse the evolving environment and selecting the right things as the areas of strategic focus for the enterprise. On the other hand, being efficient requires a carefully carved cultural and operational framework which helps the manager to achieve a particular degree of success, given the level of resources applied to a particular objective. Both the terms efficient and effective refer to the ability of a person, enterprise, or process to perform a function well. High efficiency refers to an efficient person while an effective person has high effectiveness. However there is a small but very significant difference between these two measure of performance. Efficiency refers to the economy in use of resources for performing a task, and effectiveness refers to the total output generated. Efficiency is measured in terms of ratio of output generated divided by inputs used in the process for example, widgets produced per kilogram of raw material used. Effectiveness measures the total output produced for example, total widgets produced in a day. An example is given to understand the concept. Two different lathe operators, say X and Y, are assigned the task of making bushes on a lathe. Let us say A produces 200 bushes in a shift, and in the process uses up 8 kilogram of steel rod in the process. In comparison, B produces 120 bushes using 10.5 kilogram of steel rod. The effectiveness and efficiency of these two lathe operators based on their performance is compared in table below: Operator Effectiveness Efficiency X 200 Bushes per shift 25 Bush per Kg of Steel Y 320 Bushes per shift 18 Bush per Kg of Steel So, we see that operator A has higher efficiency but lower effectiveness. In management, both efficiency and effectiveness are very important. The relative emphasis to be given to efficiency and effectiveness depends from situation to situation. One more example will completely justify the concept. For example, we must be careful to control the quantity and cost of water used in a factory during routine operations. However, if the same factory is on fire, we will not think twice about using whatever water can be made available for putting out the fire. Effective Versus Efficient The difference between effective and efficient are loaded with some of the most important concepts : Efficient doing things right Effective doing the right things Both concepts are very important and both concepts are utilised in the management of work. These concept begins with organization and does not depend on the position of an employee whether he is a manager or a staff employee. The great business writer Peter Drucker defined five functions in his writings : Objective setting Organising the team or group Communicating and motivating Performance measurement Developing people Effectiveness means that the job was done correctly and was accomplished but does not regard whether the job was done inexpensively or on time. Whereas, efficiency means that the job was accomplished cheaply and on time yet may not be a very thorough and impressive accomplishment. Efficient is defined as working without waste or using a minimum of time, effort and expense. But, the definition does not define the goals of the operation. A person can be very efficient but still he cannot get a positive result because he is not doing the right things at the right time. Thats where effective comes in. Effective means having the desired result. Once the desired result is obtained, the tasks leading to the result can be isolated and these tasks can then be completed efficiently. Some characteristics of an efficient manager are : He is organized. He can find things quickly He know how to use the tools on his computer to the nth degree He writes readable and actionable emails His meetings are well run He processes all the financial reports properly and on a regular schedule He knows how to work well with his employees Some characteristics of an effective manager are : Meeting deadline for reports and contributions Making a quota Earning the amount targeted Leading the time to define and execute a project We will consider an example to clear out the difference between the two qualities, i.e. how a manager solves a problem efficiently : STEP 1: He defines the problem in detail. Once he satisfied that the problem is well defined, then he starts looking for a solution. STEP 2: The second stage is the alternative courses of action that solve the problem. In this stage multiple potential solutions are generated. This step involves some research and asking others about their ideas. Here, the manager comes up with 2-3 alternative solutions. STEP 3: The third stage is related with studying each option and the advantages and disadvantages related to it. One alternative may appear quicker but might be costlier whereas the other alternative might be less costly but requires a lot of effort and time. Proper understanding of each alternative helps to get the right solution. STEP 4: This step is related to the selection and implementation of the best solution. STEP 5: The final step is related to the monitoring of the implemented solution i.e. whether it worked or not. If the solution is not good enough then again need to follow step 1. CONCLUSION Efficiency and effectiveness are different but when combined leads to an unstoppable result orientation which feeds success. So, we can conclude that both efficiency and effectiveness are important for a successful manager. As a result of the managers hard work the employees work properly and in an efficient manner which as a result gives fruitful results to the company.

Analysis of Shawshank Redemption Essay -- Essays on Film, Movies

The movie of the Shawshank Redemption is based on a short story by Steven King. The movie shows how prison life affects prisoners during their sentence in jail and after when they are released. The director concentrates mostly on the personal cost of adapting to prison life and how some convicts, once they conform, lose the ability to survive beyond the barbed wire and iron bars. As a character puts it, ‘These [prison] walls are funny. First you hate them, then you get used to them, then you start to depend on them.’ The director shows us to what extent prisoners can be made to ‘depend on them’. The two episodes that I will analyse are examples of two different ‘paths’ prisoners can take once released from prison. One is to survive and live their life, another is to give up and end it. In the movie Red, a prisoner at Shawshank says, ‘get busy living or get busy dying’. This quote plays an important role in the movie because Red and Brooks, two important characters who get out of jail have to make the choice to either ‘get busy living or get busy dying’. Red and Brooks are characters with many similar traits and have gone through many of the same circumstances. Both entered the confines of Shawshank Prison youths but left its walls as old men. They have seen many prisoners come in and out. They spent decades behind the dull enclosure and got used to it. They have adapted themselves to the concepts of routine, forced conformity, power abuse and have lost all elements of individuality within themselves. Red says â€Å"you come here for your life and that’s exactly what they take from you†. The episodes of the release of both men contri... ...ds hug, the camera pulls back, revealing the wide, distant horizon of the blue Pacific with no end in sight. No longer are the Red and Andy confined by walls and iron bars nor watched on by guards. Both are free. Brooks had attained the limits at prison, he had become institutionalised and once released had found the only way out was death. Red, on the other hand, had hoped, and hope had led him to freedom, to happiness, to redemption. Through the themes and the cinematic decisions applied in these two episodes the director has made these vital to the understanding of the movie. He has given two examples of the extreme situations to which prisoners go depending on their emotions. One of the emotions is yet one of the main themes of the movie, hope, and in my opinion it has been brought up extremely effectively.