Superfund sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Superfund offices - Essay ExampleElfring and Gordon (n.d.) generally define the phrase superfund program as a long string of interacting issues, conditions, and decisions (p. 67). By issues and conditions, they mean to speak of the potential number of physical sites that are harmful, in the biological sense, to the surrounding community. Within this stage of in the many series of interacting issues, the data are also gathered in order to determine the state or condition of health and environmental effect of a particular potential superfund site. And by decisions, Elfring and Gorden imply the discretion or judgment of the superfund program management to categorize a specific/potential site for its eligibility or non-eligibility in the inclusion of NPL or National Priority List. That is, if the identified site has a high level of pollution and that it causes great harm to the kindly environment. Finally, the relatively last part of the series of the interacting decisions heavily com prises the program goals and evaluation criteria. According to the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (1994), the superfund program is tasked mainly to clean-up the waste hazards apparent(a) in a site contaminated with hazardous substances which is administered markedly by the EPA or Environmental Protection Agency (pp. 1-2). A particular example of a superfund site is the Claremont Polychemical substance (CP) Superfund Site. Located in octogenarian Bethpage, New York, this Superfund Site greatly spans 10 acres of land area (Environmental Protection AgencyEPA, 2002). In Figure 1-1 (Please travel to Appendix A), Claremont Polychemical Superfund Site is situated at the northern portion of the Bethpage State Park and at the northwestern direction of the Gold Course visible in the said region of New York. At the southwestern side of the Claremont Polychemical Superfund Site is the Old Bethpage Landfill (OBL) Superfund Site. Farther away from the OBL in the southwestern direction is the Nassau County Firemens Training Center. In terms of the hydro geologic setting, the Cretaceous Magothy Formation is placed underneath the CP Superfund Site. The only aquifer found in the Long Island, this formation -- which is located heartfelt the Claremont Site -- has the vertical length of roughly 300 feet below the ground surface. As characterized in the Cretaceous Magothy Formation, it is composed of unconsolidated gritstone, silt, and clay materials (Environmental Protection Agency, 2002). The sand material is largely found in the southern boundary of the site while the silt and clay are situated in its northwestern part. Further, Old Bethpage Landfill has an up gradient slope with respect to the Claremont Site. The Claremont Site was where the Claremont Polychemical Company (CPC) was formerly erected. The CPC was a manufacturing company in the late mid-sixties that widely produced chemicals or pigments of plastics, dyes, among other(a) substances. Through tank and basin l eakage, the company had contaminated the site with VOCs or volatile organic compounds (Environmental Protection Agency, 2002). In particular, tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene are chemical elements that spread out into the landscape. Not just the land mass salient in Old Bethpage, its groundwater was also affected by the sheer operation of the CPC from the 1960s to the 1980s. In 1979, it was discovered that the site was contaminated by hazardous chemicals. The environmental problem was complicated by the fact that Old Bethpage was composed of numerous wells.

Racial Disparity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Racial Disparity - Research Paper ExampleIf it could be considered as one of the social problems of modern societies, racial disparity has caused repellent concerns to governments worldwide mostly because of the following facts the problem seems to be continuously expanded, i.e. there is no sign of limit or even standardization also, the phenomenon has been already positive at such level that threatens the stability of the society.Racial disparity is a critical social problem in countries worldwide. The problem is mostly reflected in the barriers go about by black people or people belonging in minorities when trying to enter the job market (The Independent 2008, NBC Washington 2011) the healthcare interposition provided to black people and people in minorities also reveals the existence of racial disparity (McNeil 2011). In criminal justice also, cases of racial disparity can be identified. Indeed, black people and people in minorities are most promising to be arrested for crim es of various types moreover, people in this category are more likely to be convicted compared the white people who have committed the same offences. In Illinois 19 per cent of black defendants charged in 2005 were sentenced to prison after creation charged with a low-level drug possession felony (Di Benedetto 2011) the percentage of white people charged for the same crime was just 4% (Di Benedetto 2011). It should be remark though that the failure in managing racial disparity is not reflected just in the punishment imposed on offenders it seems that criminal behavior is increased in black people and people belonging in minorities, a fact which shows the lack of measures for equally controlling crime across society. In a question developed in 2008 10.1 per cent of all blacks reported using illegal drugs compared to 8.2 per cent of all whites (Di Benedetto 2011). Racial disparity is an important social problemhowever, its limitation would require an integrated plan of action the introduction of changes in the criteria of sentencing would not be adequate for reducing the number of minorities in courts and prisons.

Why marijuana should be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why marijuana should be legalized - Essay ExampleThesis marihuana is a do doses however this medicine is similar to drugs that are already legal such(prenominal) as caffeine and tobacco. Many with health problems can benefit from the call of marijuana and marijuana is safer than close commonly prescribed drugs. The Legalization of Marijuana To much of the public, marijuana is known as a drug. To those who use marijuana, it is known as medicine. This medicine does many things and helps many. Marijuana is employ to treat cancer symptoms and eating disorders, and that is just the start of the benefits marijuana has to offer. Overall, it is believed that a large amount of time and money is wasted by drug task force agencies in the aid to prevent the sale and use of marijuana. Legalizing marijuana would lessen the need to waste funding on these agencies. Marijuana is a drug however this drug is similar to drugs that are already legal such as caffeine and tobacco. Many with health pro blems can benefit from the use of marijuana and marijuana is safer then most commonly prescribed drugs. To understand why some would like for marijuana to be legal, it is important to understand the account statement of marijuana. Marijuana is an all natural plant that grows naturally. Marijuana in its natural form is said to date back to 2737 B.C. Throughout history marijuana was used to create a euphoria effect. In 1942, marijuana was listed by pharmaceutical companies and used to treat many different disorders. Not soon after the drug was used for common medical problems was it then labeled in the same drug class as heroin. The government then banned marijuana claiming it was a gateway drug. Marijuana was at one point legal, just like many separate commonly known drugs. Since marijuana is used for medicinal purposes, it involve to be treated like other prescription drugs. This means, keeping it in a safe area, and only using when prescribed. Those who have abused the drug and shared with teenagers could have contributed to harsh government regulation which caused the ban of marijuana in the first place. It is important to be smart with any and all prescription drugs. This is why with the correct amount of education, marijuana should again become legal and used for its created purposes. There is so much money spent by American, Mexican, Canadian and other authorities to try and prevent the growing, use and distribution of marijuana. The amount of money spent by America alone is billions each year. For a government hard to make budget cuts, legalizing marijuana would free up a large amount of money that could be used to get America out of debt. This billions of dollars doesnt even cover the cost of inmate housing. Since distribution, possession and use of marijuana is punishable by jail, many are sent to prison because marijuana is illegal. strong those who use marijuana only creates more spending to house inmates and contributes to prison overcrowding. Eating disorders and cancers are another common problem that marijuana helps with. Those who suffer from bulimia, anorexia, and miss of appetite from chemotherapy, benefit from using marijuana. Marijuana allows the brain to tell the body that it is hungry and may be the only thing that works to help those who commonly would not be able to eat. Legalizing the use of marijuana for these disorders improves the quality of life and betters the chance of survival for the ones battling the disorders. Marijuana creates euphoric effects. These euphoric affects help many concentrate. Those who difference of opinion with ADHD, ADD and who are generally excitable can use marijuana to relax and better focus. This is much safer to use then commonly prescribed medicines such as Aderal, Ridalin and anti anxiety medications. Many commonly use medicines used to help people concentrate have caused heart attack and

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Essay

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the antimonopoly law in china - Essay ExampleSome businesses, whether private or state owned could monopolize the market activities, from which most(prenominal) small organizations and individual businesses felt strained, and could ultimately close the businesses. Having the price of products and services dictated by a specific organization made them monopolize the markets and their shares, such that small and medium enterprises felt inferior, most of them operating under influence of bigger companies and with little as benefits. The Antimonopoly law began operating in early August 2008, making China a vital competition law jurisdiction, for international and domestic businesses, or companies with running activities in Chinas territory. Its three broad rules are based on prohibiting abuse of dominant market positions and restrictive agreements, mergers rules preventing mergers or joint ventures that restrict competition as well as control M&A activities, and rules glowering abuse of administrative powers that end up in competition restriction. The application of the law is viewed differently among the people of China. Some think it applies to all businesses or organizations in dealings of providing goods and services, while others think the complexity of the law has something to enhance leniency in state owned enterprises. However, even after its initiation, several factors have dominate to restrict full enforcement of the law. They include limited transparency, concentration, influence from government involvement, outdated economic planning, unreliable market infrastructure, unnecessary enforcement of law, insider control, and general resistance. So far, the Anti Monopoly righteousness (AML) is being enforced by three bodies MOFCOM, NDRC and SAIC, to ensure fair competition, safeguard social public and consumer interest, boost economic efficiency, and restrain noncompetitive behavior. The enf orcement agencies continue to inhabit challenges and problems in the law enforcement practice, limiting effective application and acceptance of the AML by the people. 1. Limited Transparency Over the years, the enforcement agencies have been handling many cases to do with monopolistic agreements, merger control, and price and non price related cases for the companies and businesses operating and showing interest to practice within China. The NDRC and SAIC have faced accusations of hiding investigation results, but MOFCOM has so far been transparent. NDRC and SAIC, which are regulators of anti monopoly law of China have limited transparency to a certain level, raising the need for confidentiality of certain information, with respect to the companies after investigation. For example, the TravelSky, which is a state owned company, was alleged to change its discount policies back in 2009, influencing other airlines in its network to raise airfares that resulted in country childlike co mplaints The NDRC was the enforcement agency responsible for conducting investigations in the case, but the consumers of the airline service and the public never got to hear the results of the investigation (Wang, 2011). The controversial issue remains as to wherefore some investigation results of certain companies are disclosed, while those of others never get to be released to the public. Again, most of the cases brought forward are convictions of private enterprises, in areas of cartels and abuse of dominance. Does it blind drunk that the law breakers are private organizations and businesses? Surely, the state owned enterprises (SOE) are no exception, but too many issues to do with them are being ignored, or leniency is being applied to them as a favor. The structure of

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism Research Paper

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism - Research Paper ExamplePsychological Theory and Womens Development, Gilligan makes a forceful dispute that psychology has scientifically rejected women in attempting to answer questions about how human beings make moral judgments, and claims the pre-existence and significance of different voices which involve feminine, relationship, and emotional-oriented in moral reasoning. In the book, Gilligan (11-35) provides an immediate headliner that is embraced by the newly developed studies on women. The moral psychology as explained in the book straddles both philosophy and psychology by evaluating humans approaches to ethical dilemmas. Whilst ethical reasoning is a generic human skill, psychologists assume that women and men differ. They provide assumptions that reign well for many centuries. In her book, Gilligan provides many and major(ip) arguments. The most important involves human puzzle in the moral dilemma of the ethics of justice and ethics of care (Gilligan 99-100). Gilligan shows much care while typography moral orientation, which is not aligned with gender but on the empirical relationship between different voices and women. Gilligan (100-114) argues that men make decisions regarding personal rights, and through such(prenominal)(prenominal) views, Gilligan argues that women are responsible for other individuals. Because of such imprinting and improvable notions, Gilligan draws women view in terms of connectedness, whereas men are viewed with regards to separation. As such, Gilligan seeks to elevate the status of such connectedness where she focuses on several studies performed by her colleagues (Gilligan and Richards 77-90). Carols works emphasize on sex differences in moral reasoning. It also focuses on the violence perspective, the resolution of sexual conflicts, and the abortion decisions (Gilligan 411-417). These factors create greater challenges through the introduction of feminist perspective with respect to moral development.

Democratic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democratic Systems - Essay ExampleDependants admitted in Britain (in thousands) 1 July 1962 - 31 December 1972Source Adapted from the Home Office, Commonwealth Immigrants Acts of 1962 and 1968 Control of Immigration, Statistics 1972, Cmnd. 5285, London, HMSO, 1973 and previous volumes published annually in the same series. In 1968 it has been passed the Bill against discrimination, however it has been come with by the new legislation, which has made control everywhere the entrance to the country tougher and bang-uply reduced the quantity of new immigrants. The same year during parliamentary countersign on racial relation Enoch Powell (that time the speaker of conservatives) has made the speech in Birmingham, in which he has expressed his anxiety on occasion of sharp increase of non- fresh population of Britain. Moreover the Gallup Poll has shown, that 75 % of British more or are less solidary with Powells estimation.With the purpose of struggle against racial discrimination in 19 76 British third Race Relations Ac has been passed. The Act forbade discrimination at employment, rent or purchase of accommodations, acceptance in clubs and organization. For supervision over the execution of the Act it has been founded the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), which has been allocated with the broad powers. The decisions of Commission had the status of the law. However 1970s have been also marked by accompaniment of frankly racist party of British National front end. In reply to this there have appeared the organizations resisting the National Front. For example, in 1977 for counteraction to propagation of National Front the Anti-Nazi League (ANL) has been founded.By 1990s the inhabitants of the Great Britain having West-Indies and South-Asian... In May of 2001 in Oldham two nights on end police and special troops unsuccessfully tried to distributor point the fight between white Englishmen and the Indian and Pakistan immigrants. The conflict had its own backgro und. The Pakistan youth has declared the creation of special areas in Oldham where no white person should step. It has been presented as a necessary measure because the police do not protect Pakistan immigrants from excesses of white racists. The unseasoned people have started to gather in some similitude of knots of self-defence. In April 2001 an Englishman by name Walter Chamberlain was hospitalised with a broken nose and cheekbones after three Asians attacked him saying, This is our area, get out (Milmo, 2001). The point is that this old man crossed a no go zone for whites. A veteran of the World War II, 76-years Walter Chamberlain, has been brutally beaten by a group of teenagers-immigrants. Certainly, there were also the others white people, who crossed no go zones however this old man has appeared to be the easiest prey. Far right powers have immediately answered. They have attacked the Pakistan shop and have thrown and twisted a stone in a window of the house, where lived p regnant woman of the Asian origin. From that moment the violence flamed up. For a start about hundred young Asians have crushed a pub, throwing it with bottles with Molotov cocktail. Then more than 500 young men arranged two-day riot.

Orangic Milk or Regular Milk Essay Example for Free

Orangic Milk or Regular Milk EssayIs primitive draw really that better for you? That was what I was thinking when we were discussing that in health class. Coach Deyo gave good judgments, but I still had my doubts. Because people have been drinking incessant draw a long time and no one has died from it or didnt get enough nutrients from it. So, why do people say organic draw is better for you. I was looking at a website called Mens Health. It gives a few ideas about organic milk and regular milk. One issue said on the website made me think, why waste the money on organic milk if it doesnt give you the effects you desire.There are differences surrounded by organic and conventional milk production, but they may not have the effects consumers expect, says Thomas Overton, Ph. D. , associate professor of animal science at Cornell University. aft(prenominal) I read this I was thinking maybe its all in the consumers mind that organic is better for them. Maybe thats what the or ganic milk farms want them to think. The website also states that you get the same stuff from organic milk in regular milk.For one thing, its not any healthier. An eight-ounce serving of regular milk offers the same nine essential nutrientsincluding calcium, vitamin D, and potassiumas a glass of organic milk, Mangieri says. So, people that say they drink organic milk because its healthier for you are not correct, its basically the same type of milk just the cows are feed differently. This is what I read that gave me that idea that the organic dairy cows are just fed differently than the regular milk cows.Are fed only organic grains, free of semisynthetic fertilizers and pesticides get at least 30 percent of their feed from pasture arent treated with antibiotics, or with bovine growth hormone to increase milk production. The website was talking about how organic dairy farms feed and treat their cows. In my opinion, thats a good thing that they are being fed organic grains and not treated with growth hormones. But, why does it matter if its going to be the same kind of nutrients. Also I read in the website that some(prenominal) types of dairy farms have to go through a test for antibiotic residue.Theres also no distinction in terms of unwelcome ingredients. All organic and conventional milk is tested for antibiotic residue, and any milk that contains it is removed from the food supply. In conclusion I think its all up to the consumer. If the consumer wants healthier milk for him or her, you could decide between both milks. If the consumer wants milk from a cow thats fed and treated mighty then they should decide to get organic milk. But for me if I drank milk, I would decide to pick the one that gives you the nutrients you need and not break my wallet.